The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland, ECN) is an independent Dutch organisation for long-term research and medium-term development in the field of energy, as well as the associated short-term services and transfer of knowledge. ECN focuses its activities on the needs and wishes of industry, energy sector and government in order to contribute, through target-oriented development and transfer of knowledge and technology, to innovative solutions for its target groups and customers. ECN works, with sustainability as a guideline, on the development of a reliable, environmentally sound and cost-effective energy economy and aims at internationally recognised expertise through selected spearheads.